[57] The fault was found to be with the Marine unit's spotter, who was inexperienced, failed to signal the close proximity of friendly units to the target, and failed to fully identify the target before calling for five rounds of shellfire. "The following morning [21 October] at 06:05 HMAS Australia (II) was hit by a Japanese suicide aircraft. HMAS Hobart was the first DDG to join the US Seventh Fleet on 15 March 1967 beginning the six monthly rotation of RAN destroyers for service on the gunline.Hobart and Perth deployed three times to Vietnam, Brisbane twice and Vendetta once. And in the course of this, an Australian destroyer [Hobart] took a hit there was no enemy at all involved but we always reacted. Picture taken of Butterworth closed up at his action station sometime prior to missile attack on Hobart. [46] Two minutes later, the aircraft made a second pass and fired two missiles. Except for a brief time during the Tet Offensive in 1968, they did not attempt to resume resupply by sea again until 1972. by | Jul 10, 2021 | wausau polar plunge 2021 | mt wilson nevada ranch | Jul 10, 2021 | wausau polar plunge 2021 | mt wilson nevada ranch PERTH handing over to HOBART in Subic Bay. HMAS Hobart 2nd Deployment: 22 March 1968 - 11 October 1968. The ship was modernised during the late 1970s. Album Military Art Added by BravoZulu Date added Apr 8, 2017 View count 797 Comment count 1 Rating 0.00 star(s) 0 ratings Image metadata. HMAS 'Hobart' was one of several Australian destroyers that operated on the gunline in the South China Sea with the US 7th Fleet. In June 1968 Australia was dismayed by the news that the guided-missile destroyer HMAS Hobart had been badly damaged by 'friendly fire' in Vietnam: Two crew died and seven were wounded during the USAF attack. ART40675 Resupplying HMAS Hobart off the coast of Vietnam 1967 . The goal was to maintain the vessels character as a fighting ship, but in the interests of safety, some entrances were sealed, some doors, hatches and sharp and protruding objects were removed, and corridors and openings widened. As PCF-12 searched in vain for more survivors, she found she had company. crewman aboard HMAS Hobart operating off the coast of Vietnam 50 years ago. are left or (electrical effect, heat) are felt, Source: AUFORN Special Report, Issue 34, April 2003. In June 1968 Australia was dismayed by the news that the guided-missile destroyer HMAS Hobart had been badly damaged by 'friendly fire' in Vietnam: Two crew died and seven were wounded during the USAF attack. On 18 December 1965 Hobart commissioned under the command of Captain GR Griffiths, DSC, RAN at the Boston Navy Yard. R34372 CPOCOX S. J. Parke R30813 CPORP P. W. Jarrett She was built for the Royal Navy and was launched as HMS Terrible (93) in 1944, but was not completed before the end of World War II. [37], During this deployment, Hobart fired over 10,000 rounds at 1,050 targets during 160 days at sea, and was fired on ten times, with no casualties. Hobart was primarily designed for air warfare (with a Tartar SAM system) but also carried a 5" gun and various anti-submarine equipment. HMAS Hobart. [1], As a guided missile destroyer, Hobart's main armament consisted of a Mark 13 missile launcher firing Tartar missiles and two Ikara anti-submarine missile launchers. This missile killed a second sailor, wounding several others. In 1968, it was realised that the combination of maintenance requirements and other operational deployments meant that none of the RAN's three US-built Perth-class destroyers would be available to serve in the Vietnam War once HMAS Brisbane completed her deployment in late 1969. HMAS Hobart (D 39) was a Perth class guided missile destroyer of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). [29] Hobart was attached to the carrier escort group for USSKitty Hawk on 23 April. In 1973, he fronted a Chicago media conference held to discuss the North American UFO flap of that year, and while airing his views on UFOs at the conference he said: I dont know whether this story has ever been told or not [but UFOs plagued us in Vietnam]. The lights turned seaward and came under fire from various ships in the area. [32], After delays caused by monsoonal conditions, the ship returned to the gunline on 18 June. Vietnam, 1962-1975; Units. The Sinking of PCF-19 as seen from PCF-12 by Jim Steffes, ENC, USN Retired, found at www.gunplot.net/vietnam/hobartvietnamandpcf19.html, 11. The guided missile destroyer HMAS HOBART, (CAPT K. W. Shands, RAN), was in company with the US Ships COLLETT and ST PAUL when she came under enemy fire from shore batteries off Mui Ron, Vietnam. 3rd Deployment: 28th September 1970 29th March 1971. F-4 s from Da Nang Air Base. On 12 February 1966 she sailed for Australia arriving at Perth on 4 March where she was granted Freedom of Entry. 2nd Deployment: 30th September 1968 30th March 1969. Honours and Awards Vietnam War Naval (RAN) Logistic Support Vietnam War Naval Customs, Traditions & Terminology Sailors Have A Word For It! Click Coffee Cup Below. At approximately 0030 hours the PCF-12 received a flash traffic that PCF-19, the first friendly fire target, had disappeared in a flash of light. Crew List HMAS Brisbane 1st & 2nd Deployments Crew List HMAS Vendetta 1 Deployment Crew Lists R.A.N Fleet Air Arm Vietnam R.A.N. The ship was launched on 9th October 1934 as HMS APOLLO and build was completed on 13th January 1936. The Signalman later learnt from the Chief Coxswain, a 15-year veteran, that a Leading Seaman Signalman had been killed while scaling the ladder to action stations in 1968: Apparently, the ship took a missile hit and a piece of shrapnel took this poor mans head clean off his shoulders. Naval Base Subic Bay to join the Seventh Fleet. The best available source for crew details is the ships' ledgers. 2nd Deployment: 30th September 1968 30th March 1969. ON 17 June 1968, Hobart was in the vicinity of Tiger Island when she detected an aircraft approaching her from the vicinity of Cap Lay. Commanding-Officers-Vendetta-1958-79. All the radios were crackling constantly as friendlies were checked out. [31] Apart from a brief stint on the gunline, Hobart remained assigned to Sea Dragon until 26 May, when sailed to Subic for maintenance, with both 5-inch gun barrels replaced. Officially, the Hobart Incident occurred during a night operation against enemy helicopters, But officially, we called UFOs enemy helicopters. The late Bill Cooper served as a patrol-boat captain in Vietnam from 1967 to 1969, and during a talk at the 1989 Los Angeles UFO conference he said: After about five months I was sent up north to the DMZ, to a place called Qua Vieaf [perhaps Qua Viet] on the Tacan [sic] river . The Green Ghost, as the ship was also affectionately known, was de-commissioned in May 2000, and scuttled at Yankalilla Bay, south of Adelaide, in late 2002, where she is now a scuba-dive spot. The carrier was sold to Australia in 1947, completed, and commissioned into the RAN as Sydney in 1948. [1] Based on the United States Navy's Charles F. Adams class, Hobart had a displacement of 3,370 tons at standard load, and 4,618 tons at full load, a length of 440feet 3inches (134.19m) overall and 420 feet (130m) between perpendiculars, a beam of 47feet 1inch (14.35m), and a maximum draught of 15feet 3inches (4.65m). As the boat swung around to put the aircraft ahead and astern of PCF-12, I could hear Mr. Snyder [the Officer In Charge] requesting air support and identification of these helos. That duty continued for almost a month until 16 January 1968, when she moved close to the shores of the First and Second Corps Zones of South Vietnam to provide naval gunfire support for the 5th Marines until early February. Copyright 2013 -Satya Search - All Rights Reserved. [4] The destroyer underwent refit in 1984. During the DMZ lights operation, the guided-missile destroyer USS Edson, the guided-missile cruiser USS Boston, the US Coast Guard cutter Point Dume, and the USS PCF-19 also came under friendly fire , but fortunately without causing more casualties. [57] Although Hobart was asked to rotate Sea Dragon duties on 2 August to relieve a destroyer experiencing gunnery faults, nine days early, the destroyer's captain refused, as he wanted more time to prepare the ship after the repairs, particularly as the air warning radars were yet to become operational, and the gun mounts were experiencing minor problems. I dont know whether this story has ever been told or not [but UFOs plagued us in Vietnam]. [49] The aircraft came around for a third attack run, but was scared off when Hobart's forward gun turret, under independent control, fired five rounds at the aircraft. Seaman Branch. Paranormal Postscript: [51] At 05:15, the three destroyers linked up with the cruiser USSBoston (which had been hit by a missile from another aircraft) and the escorting destroyer USSBlandy, and continued anti-aircraft manoeuvring. HMAS HOBART HIT DURING VIETNAM UFO ENCOUNTER? General George S Brown, USAF Chief of Staff, Department of Defense transcript of press conference in Illinois, 16 October, 1973, found at: http://gamegene.com/ufo.htm, 7. 11. [22] The deployment of Hobart in March 1967 began a pattern of six-month deployments for RAN destroyers, with a constant RAN presence with the Seventh Fleet. Following her commissioning at Boston, Massachusetts, Perth (II) spent eight months in American waters conducting trials and exercises. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Bruce Honisett, 1985 . Then on 17 June 1968, Hobart II was in the vicinity of Tiger Island off Vietnam when she detected an aircraft approaching her from the vicinity of Cap Lay. A Signalman, who served on the ship during the 1990s, says that one morning at 4am when the warship was approaching Hobart, Tas., he was climbing a flex ladder to the flag deck when he felt the ladder move below him, then felt something actually walk past/through me on the ladder. [71] Hobart made no further deployments to Vietnam, and after HMASBrisbane completed her assigned operations in September 1971, no further RAN ships were deployed to the warzone for combat operations. HMAS Hobart (D 39) was a Perth-class guided missile destroyer of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). Vietnam, 1962-1975; Units. Jim Steffes Vietnam Photo Album website found at http://www.bcres.com/river/steffes.htm, 12. [22] By 04:45 the next morning, the Australian ship had already fired 100 rounds. Article Ghost At Sea found at www.castleofspirits.com, Jon Wyatt is a Melbourne freelance writer and editor. Thank You HMAS Hobart leaves Wellington, New Zealand, 22 July 1942 Port Moresby Defence (May 1942) By May 1942, the known uncoming invasion of Port Moresby urged Hobart to team up with HMAS Australia and both joined the US Task Force assembled in the Coral Sea. Rockingham Naval Memorial Park, Commemorative plaque for HMAS Hobart (D 39) (Vietnam War), March 2020.jpg 4.469 3.348; 7,93 MB Rockingham Naval Memorial Park, Commemorative plaque for HMAS Hobart (D 39), March 2020.jpg 4.608 3.456; 5,22 MB The Royal Australian Navys role in the Vietnam War is sometimes overlooked by comparison with the Armys larger numerical involvement. [50][51] At 03:30, Edson reported coming under fire, and Hobart's captain ordered the three destroyers to take up anti-aircraft formation. 18 March 1968, around 10 Marines were killed by MACV-SOG operators mistaking them for enemy forces, when such operators were trying to ambush the supposed enemies. citrus county sheriff jobs near hamburg; hmas hobart vietnam 1968 crew list. Melbourne Sun 24 June, 1968, p.2 [38] On 13 April, the destroyer arrived on the gunline to relieve USSHenry B. [63] On 21 April, the ship moved north to near the DMZ. Si Vis Pacem Para Bellum. [64] Three days later, the destroyer rammed and sank a South Vietnamese fishing craft, but rescued the five crew and transported them to shore. andrew smith obituary 2021 . Left: HMAS Hobart (II)s tactical operators and anti-aircraft control crews closed up at action stations on the upper deck. [1] Hobart was commissioned into the RAN on 18 December 1965. [1] Hobart was awarded the United States Navy Unit Commendation for this tour of duty. hmas hobart vietnam 1968 crew list . Left-profile portrait of a crew member on HMAS 'Hobart', off the North Vietnam coast. FF-1062 Crew Roster . From the collection of USS Boston crew member HM3 John Jadzewski . A volunteer crew of three seamen from Hobart accompanied the gun: Petty Officer Hugh Jones, Able Seaman Jock Hurren and Able Seaman Hugh Sweeney. Then, when he reached the flag deck and entered the Signalmans Shelter, he sensed someone in there with me and could hear them breathing as though they had been running or working hard. [6] The idea of deploying a RAN combat ship was initially hampered by the number of ships available, particularly with commitments to the Far East Strategic Reserve and involvement in the Indonesia-Malaysia Confrontation, along with the difficulty of operating and maintaining British-designed ships with USN resources. At the time the belief was these were lumbering, After the sightings, Allied Command, fearing another, Details of the subsequent aerial melee remain sketchy, but it is known several US. korbell plus refill apotea; jake hess death; lithonia shop light model 1233 Reports of Proceedings (ROPs) are the official record of activities of the Royal Australian Navy's commands, vessels, shore establishments, administrative authorities and installations. Built in the United States of America to a slight variant of the United States Navy (USN) Charles F. Adams class, she was commissioned into the RAN in 1965. If you were a member of either ship at this time please contact the Nominal Rolls team, with your Service number and full name, at nominal.rolls@dva.gov.au or telephone 1300 780 133 (local call charge). Oordinary Seaman Quartermaster Gunner Raymond John Butterworth RAN, R66558, off Cap Lay, Vietnam, 17 June 1968 Chief Electrican Weapons Radio Raymond Henry Hunt RAN, R54257, off Cap Lay, Vietnam, 17 June 1968 HMAS Vendetta. Article Ghost At Sea found at www.castleofspirits.com. 10. It is June 15/16th, 1968, around midnight, and now five sailors are dead or missing. Just click on a picture to see a full-size view. She was commissioned as HMAS Hobart on 28th September 1938. HMAS Australia (1928) Aussie, The: HMAS Brisbane - D-39 (1966) Steel Cat, The: Black lion featured in ship's crest. hmas hobart vietnam 1968 crew list; hmas hobart vietnam 1968 crew list. The PCF-12 reached the scene as Point Dume was pulling the two badly wounded survivors aboard. HMAS HOBART - attacked by US Air Force June 1968 Vietnam Hobart on Station Vietnam 1968 Hobart returned to 'The Gunline' on 20th May 1968 for her 2nd Deployment. [39] Five days later, she began Sea Dragon operations with USSCollett. David Sutherland CPOSY RAN Rtd: 82k: USS Saint Paul (CA 73) Underway on 26 March 1968. R57014 - ANDERSON, Arthur Horace. E. Belton R59592 LSWMJ. 9. HMAS Hobart was a modified Leander -class light cruiser which served in the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) during World War II. USS Theodore E. Chandler (DD-717) was a Gearing-class destroyer in the United States Navy during the Korean War and the Vietnam War. Here are some pictures of interest to ex-PERTH personnel. Gunfire missions ended north of the DMZ with the suspension of Operation Rolling Thunder on 31 Oct 1968, but continued in South Vietnam for the rest of war. HMAS DERWENT deployed to Vietnam in November 1971 to escort the fast troop transport HMAS SYDNEY into and out of Vung Tau . June 1968 Vietnam. Straight into heavy action in 1 Corps around the Da Nang vicinity saw her heading for Subic in early June for a barrel replacement for her two 5" Guns. Online Shop Use this login for Shop items, and image, film, sound reproductions I was on the USS Shelton DD790. Country. In March 1967, Hobart became the first RAN combat ship deployed to fight in the Vietnam War. This series comprises the Reports of Proceeding (ROPS) created by the units of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) from the Second World War until the 1970s. General George S Brown (1918-1978) was commander of the 7th US Air Force and deputy commander for Air Operations, Military Assistance Command Vietnam from 1968 to 1970 and so was in command of the Phantoms involved in the snafu. HMAS Derwent - DE-49 (1964) Swift and Deadly: Sources differ on whether this is her nickname, or motto. "REAL" UFO & Alien Sightings by Date & Location, Hynek Classification: CE2 CE-II (Close Encounter II) Observation of an object in close proximity to the witness, where physical traces (impression, burn, medical effect, etc.) This force was then replaced by a two- and later three-battalion task force with supporting arms based at Nui Dat which operated primarily in Phuoc Tuy Province between 196671, with logistic Cerca nel pi grande indice di testi integrali mai esistito. The crew are shown toiling with heavy equipment while entombed in the metallic grey confines of the ship. I met Roger Matt Helm in 1968 who was on the HMAS Hobart. [2] The ship's company consisted of 20 officers and 312 sailors. [50] Debris collected from Hobart and the other ships indicated that the missiles were of United States Air Force (USAF) origin. He also observed the Point Dume firing tracers at blinking lights moving around her in the air. [34] This was completed on 24 July, and Hobart sailed for the operational area. [29] On 29 April, the destroyer sailed to Subic, underwent self-maintenance, then returned to Sea Dragon operations. Built in the United States of America to a slight variant of the United States Navy (USN) Charles F. Adams class, she was commissioned into the RAN in 1965. David Sutherland CPOSY RAN Rtd: 0407342: 56k: Crewmembers cleaning the forward 8"/55 guns while deployed with the 7th fleet off of Vietnam in 1968. [68] Returning on 13 September, Hobart was called to relieve USSLloyd Thomas on the gunline after an explosion in one of the American destroyer's gun mounts. They were seen up around the DMZ in the early summer of 68, and this resulted in quite a battle. [42] During this deployment, boat traffic between the mainland and Tiger Island was seen as a priority, with gunline ships also granted approval to operate against targets in this area. The Incident On the night of June 16, 1968, unidentified . Hobart in Vietnam: Follow-up letters . Clearance Diving Team 3. [1] The cost of the destroyer was approximately A$45 million, including the initial load of supplies and ammunition. Built in the United States of America to a slight variant of the United States Navy (USN) Charles F. Adams class, she was commissioned into the RAN in 1965. Officially, the Hobart 'Incident' occurred during a night operation against 'enemy helicopters' - but was it in reality a UFO story? Two steam turbines provided 70,000 shp, which drove the ship at After commissioning at Boston Naval Shipyard on 18 December 1965, she continued fitting out and undertook sea trials and exercises, before sailing to Norfolk in January 1966. [37], Hobart was deployed to Vietnam for the second time in 1968, relieving Perth on 31 March. Then, when he reached the flag deck and entered the Signalmans Shelter, he sensed someone in there with me and could hear them breathing as though they had been running or working hard. There have been two ships to carry the name of HMAS Hobart, both served with great distinction during war time and peace time. Conflicts. [77], Prior to the scuttling, preparatory work was done to ensure safe diving and minimal environmental impact, based on international best practices and mostly undertaken at Port Adelaide by contracted labour and some volunteers. 5 x 21 inch torpedo tubes (quintuple mount) (removed in late 1960) Li-mbo triple barrelled anti-submarine mortar. [1] During construction, the ship was assigned the United States Navy hull number DDG-26. [43] The destroyer USSEdson joined Hobart and Chandler to make up for the lack of firepower. [33] On 23 June, Hobart rotated to Sea Dragon. [59] On 22 August, the destroyer fired to support the 1st Australian Task Force in Phuoc Tuy Province: the first time a RAN destroyer provided naval gunfire support for Australian soldiers in the war. [23], On 15 March 1967, Hobart arrived at U.S. what does an abnormal covid test result mean; grohmann knives website; shubenacadie river fishing; daniel lee trevino age; blind mike barstool fired; disorderly conduct ct penalties; lebanon correctional institution famous inmates; [78], The ship was sunk as a dive wreck on 5 November 2002 in Yankalilla Bay, South Australia at .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}352851.6S 1380926.0E / 35.481000S 138.157222E / -35.481000; 138.157222Coordinates: 352851.6S 1380926.0E / 35.481000S 138.157222E / -35.481000; 138.157222, 4.8 nautical miles (8.9km) west-north-west of Marina St. Vincent, within the Encounter Marine Park. Hobart served out three tours of duty in Vietnam, however it seems after 1968 she had an extra crewman. It appears that HMAS Perth may have relieved the Hobart. It includes all of the series DD, DL, DDG, DLG, and DLGN. [4][74] Later in the year, the destroyer participated in the multinational exercise RIMPAC 75, then embarked on a three-month deployment in the Indian Ocean, during which Hobart became the first RAN ship to visit Mal in the Maldives, and the first warship to dock at HMASStirling, the new naval base in Western Australia. The destroyers carried out NGS missions in all of South Vietnams four military regions and Hobart and Perth were actively involved in SEA The year 1968 saw major developments in the Vietnam War.The military operations started with an attack on a US base by the North Vietnamese People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) and the Viet Cong (VC) on January 1, ending a truce declared by the Pope and agreed upon by all sides. 23 Mar 1968. The Milton William Cooper Speech, 17 November, 1989, found at: http://www.the-greys.com/pirho/speech.html [21] Arrangements were made to provide logistic support through the United States Pacific Fleet. B. James RAN Officers Commander F. 0. The Australian War Memorial is open for visitors as we work to expand our galleries. 16 March 1968 at FB Birmingham Marine F-4s dropped bombs on the base killing 16 and wounding 48 men of the 101st Airborne. The remains of more than 200 victims of the Viet Cong during the 1968 Tet Offensive were found in the grave. Eliason, RAN Lieutenant Commander R. M. Banks, RAN Lieutenant Commander I. While the crew was rushing to Action Stations, two more air-to-air missiles penetrated the starboard side and killed Chief Electrician Hunt and wounded several others and narrowly missed a magazine. As dawn broke, we could only see the shoreline and the Point Dume., Steffes concluded: We continued to monitor and track these lights for several weeks after this up until September I know what the official story is, but this is mine as true and complete as I can remember.. The guided missile destroyer HMAS Perth (D38) underway, on 27 November 1991. KILLED - Ordinary Seaman Quarter Master Gunner Raymond Butterworth (17) of Risdon Tasmania as a result from the 1st missile attack on HMAS Hobart 0313 17th June 1968 off DMZ Vietnam. Interview with Ken Shands, Anzac Day 1996, Melbourne, 6. Main Sources: [4] In 1989, the destroyer's Ikara launchers were removed during a refit. HMAS Hobart (D 39) was a Perth -class guided missile destroyer of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). Whatever the lights actually were remains a subject of conjecture, but it appears they were sighted for some weeks and went unchallenged. Many Ufologists believe alien visitors have long been studying human wars; and this may have been the case in 1968. Straight into heavy action in 1 Corps around the Da Nang vicinity saw her heading for Subic in early June for a barrel replacement for her two 5" Guns. George Filer Keeps Watching The Skies by Michael Vitez, Philadelphia Inquirer, 20 August, 2001, found at www.rense.com. go to da moon copy and paste. hmas hobart vietnam 1968 crew list. Oil and other contaminants were removed. That night, the forward spotters along the eastern DMZ again reported the enemy helicopters had re-appeared, and the Allied forces sprang into action. Media information. [1] The ship was launched on 9 January 1964 by the wife of David Hay, the Australian ambassador to the United Nations. The Signalman later learnt from the Chief Coxswain, a 15-year veteran, that a Leading Seaman Signalman had been killed while scaling the ladder to action stations in 1968: Apparently, the ship took a missile hit and a piece of shrapnel took this poor mans head clean off his shoulders. Steffes says he saw one helo in the moonlight and believed It had a rounded front like an observation helo and it looked like two crewman sitting side by side. HMAS HOBART Second Deployment March 22, 1968 - October 11, 1968 Commanding Officer Captain K. W. Shands RAN Executive Officer Commander I. [60] On 29 September, Perth relieved Hobart at Subic, and Hobart sailed for home. 7. During her one deployment, Vendetta steamed 39,558 miles and fired more than 13,000 shells. [44] At 03:09, Hobart's radar picked up an aircraft approaching with no IFF transponder active. She was named for Theodore E. Chandler.. Theodore E. Chandler was laid down on 23 April 1945 at Kearny, New Jersey, by the Federal Shipbuilding Company; launched on 20 October 1945; sponsored by Mrs. Theodore E. John Jazdzewski: 040101106: showing a perspective of the 8" turrets as compared to crew. Public entrance via Fairbairn Avenue, Campbell ACT 2612, Book your ticket to visit: awm.gov.au/visit, Copyright A Signalman, who served on the ship during the 1990s, says that one morning at 4am when the warship was approaching Hobart, Tas., he was climbing a flex ladder to the flag deck when he felt the ladder move below him, then felt something actually walk past/through me on the ladder. by | Jun 5, 2022 | curtain suppliers in dubai | riverside cafe medicine park, ok menu | Jun 5, 2022 | curtain suppliers in dubai | riverside cafe medicine park, ok menu Navy in Vietnam: A record of the Royal Australian Navy in the Vietnam War 1965-1973 by Denis Fairfax (Australian Government Publishing Service 1980) pps.59-60, 5.

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