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Synchronous counter-In this all the flip-flops work in sync with clock pulse as well as each other. It got its name because the clock pulse ripples through the circuit. Dt The initial content of the 4 bit Serial IN Parallel Out shift register is shown in Figure is 1100. endstream endobj 23 0 obj <>stream An n-MOD ripple counter contains n number of flip-flops and the circuit can count up to 2n values before it resets itself to the initial value. This traffic light has to be implemented using a finite state machine (FSM). hTOO |9j{gaZI,)=Xx =clF^wa~!p:U`]O* On#N<4 9GZ+q uc\WTpBA`p`x5 TwFRnDh2tTA*bDu+3UPH(9m{9I^[ pr endstream endobj 24 0 obj <>stream Hence themaximum clock frequency is 6.25 MHz. endstream endobj 22 0 obj <>stream For a 16-bit signed integer, SLC 500 counters can count within the range of: A traffic signal cycles from GREEN to YELLOW, YELLOW to RED and RED to GREEN. Ltd.: All rights reserved, Each flip-flop in a 4-bit ripple counter introduces a maximum delay of 40 n sec. hb```f``2f`a`lac@ >r,`haPPxz^(f`fefe[($Zq;mr34#w1>##@ % gating Select the Boolean function(s) equivalent to x + yz, where x, y, and z are Boolean variables, and + denotes logical OR operation. A Shift register in which the output of the last flip-flop is connected to the input of the first flip-flop. Consider a Boolean gate (D) where the output Y is related to the inputs A and B as, Y = A + B, where + denotes logical OR operation. Q%,))0F?K 10z9rc 1La4\^_~>qZhL fu6ESAwrvXI%DR`d@i)6u1"D&m>.=fxweeVV;0dz:Yrg6NHaL8MV&RoFI5.*. &.Qyn&xJv]$///q11 \mKnc B$`OykMS")Xl\:`Vh0uoyw3 Here clock pulse is applied to every flip flop simultaneously. endstream endobj 25 0 obj <>stream 33 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<7E7ADF8873FA95DF7063707CA33A3128><437A324D02F863428BFC0D2FA8CE5B47>]/Index[18 30]/Info 17 0 R/Length 79/Prev 28561/Root 19 0 R/Size 48/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream UKPSC JE Electrical 2013 Official Paper I (Held on 7 Nov 2015), Ace your Sequential Circuits preparations for Shift Register Counters with us and master, Copyright 2014-2022 Testbook Edu Solutions Pvt. The output of a 3-stage Johnson (twisted-ring) counter is fed to a digital-to-analog (D/A) converter as shown in the figure below. @nJNweg{um{T i:jjS&e\$9]rD6E[8 da2sCg+;FfpCO-UPXP)$a27~=0Sn=A@R(wSA P.mPC"zxrCy$Qejn flip edge triggered flop output shown initially clock assume inputs low determine flops draw relative solved waveform figure Jsg (wA3LA6 5GF"q hWmo8+HJt)]G*$4R (m.xy#&!1N!b! For this state diagram, select the statement(s) which is/are universally true. hold setup edge timing delay cell latch flop speed double level clock positive gpu doing half could sequential characterization negative For the signal at the Q output of the Flip-Flop, _______. HUm6_vet[ak?r;'NQvDH=|H4u (round off to one decimal place), The minimum number of flip-flops needed to construct a BCD decode counter is, In a positive edge triggered JK flip-flop, J = 1, K = 0 and clock pulse is rising, Q will be. Hexadecimal digits represented 1 to 9 and A to: 8051 Microcontroller has _______ number of 16 bit registers. In each cycle, GREEN is turned on for 70 seconds, YELLOW is turned on for 5 seconds and the RED is turned on for 75 seconds. An eight-bit binary ripple UP counter with a modulus of 256 is holding the count 01111111. datasheet flip flop digchip E8f;(5athguf_Fo/rom7ndOK!Z:Oxka;d.NaX[c5IHx+bRGLBfO~?bbDGZ}K')U.Hfx1CQ8N{~^C? ^Z /XKf\`]HcufC.0_cJ8#Ays0/!FAw|7:f~65+|nEuNkR=(ys-)9G50O4~9_Kv8at endstream endobj startxref *l9#b{~Fp!;nO.ZsxgcRaq(|2B1W5mG[wy(. The maximum clock frequency is. In a Johnson's counter, all the negative triggered J-K flip-flops are used. timing setup hold vlsi examples example asic sta concepts solution clock circuit paths kind different physical Shift resistor can be built by using _____ Flip flop: For the circuit shown, the clock frequency is f0and the duty cycle is 25%. (1101 0001)2 binary number is same as ( )8 octal number. Ripple counter is an Asynchronous counter. A state transition diagram with states A, B, and C, and transition probabilities p1, p2, , p7is shown in the figure (e.g., p1denotes the probability of transition from state Ato B). Assume all states of the counter to be unset initially. The waveform which represents the D/A converter output Vo is. The Boolean inputs 0 and 1 are also available separately. wU_\2B>""Hc%#)uQcP! %:d;ueYa%^B%87_"z/g[!\"6;VIxVH;d4HHty]VJY. The minimum number of flip-flops required to implement this FSM is ________ . rs table flip flop truth excitation flipflop conversion ff given write %PDF-1.5 % flop flip using vhdl divider tff frequency homework follows implemented cse psu hw edu class What will be the count after 135 clock pulses? 0 After four clock pulses are applied, the content of the shift register will be. 47 0 obj <>stream endstream endobj 19 0 obj <> endobj 20 0 obj <> endobj 21 0 obj <>stream }L9 K!L!}3g b2?>%DjN.IdzF/"i,]ec5b[&io$l#S/P"%+fBmCO)LN=@ .5%2Db Using instances of only D gates and inputs 0 and 1, __________ (select the correct option(s)). HUMk1qlYRhR(fn4$fwvU'9Bkc)_Nqe;x^yk!KSclLvp>_ ]O5I`r7 iG1f~?t7Z*b4q 2Pn)|0 pD4I?#HP7J8C 6q0/Ue*[yQeLA(S%WwS98>tXT#[wutR Instead of the clock pulse, the output of thefirst flip-flop acts as a clock pulse to the next flip-flop, whose output is used as a clock to the next in-line flip-flop and so on. ?ph_4(l@Ue4vlXuo'W4N49^$)8MV)NRJ {I}!7{VJV O q4 #Xdd@" "Q How many flip-flops are required to build a binary counter circuit to count from 0 to 1023 ? The flag bits of the _______ register are affected when arithmetic operations are executed in the 8051microcontrollers. Asynchronous counter -In this clock pulse is applied only to the initial flip flop whose value would be considered as LSB. Initially all the flip-flops are in reset condition and the outputs are Q3Q2Q1Q0 = 0000. hbbd``b`$n $X|@\# L@?u "7Hee`bdX20Kg " In which of the following condition the SR flip flop are unstable? $T_{propagation- delay}=n\times T_{FlipFlop}$, $\frac{1}{frequency_{clock}}\geq n\times T_{FlipFlop}$, $\frac{1}{frequency_{clock}}\geq 4\times 40ns$, $frequency_{clock} \leq \frac{10^9}{160}$. The only input to this FSM is a clock of 5 second period. %%EOF HUMs6WD0 Kq2ySr)HbB2? %Q=Hvo{A{{Wy.IP!RZT0x1{l=ABy-p)Gon$~=}ZC'GK6E42X4q,5`8`|B}'?jNe.|{MNkzuwTtSQ2kzMsT8 g|~@oQnrGSZ7S~gMfKRgS? @`LT{1^eYAsj-/*V%uT#u=M#iS~0R ;MWgI6;Fm|xMz4gg')u|YNU9#CFyycLEW_9fE'~4zG|p'#O>SC]'`u%hv]%} What are the outputs of the flip-flops after the fifth negative going pulse? Which of the following instructionsays "greater than or equal"? 18 0 obj <> endobj The maximum clock frequency in MHz of a 4-stage ripple counter, utilizing flip-flops, with each flip-flop having a propagation delay of 20 ns, is ___________. !n}*TCfvnM4XE~P{fJ|s`MU7IQu },09u\-(i1h ]pd}%^.>l8|m